Identifying Unique Characteristics Of A Tumor

Physicians develop specialized treatment plans based upon a tumor's unique characteristics.  They consider tumor maker tests, genetic profiling, and the stage and grade of disease when selecting the best therapy for patients.

Lumps or other signs of breast cancer can be detected with regular breast examinations and mammography.  Imaging studies and/or biopsy samples can determine if the lump contains invasive or non-invasive cancer cells.  Various subsequent tests identify tumor markers, such as estrogen and progesterone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), as well as other markers.  The tumor's genetic profile may also provide clues as to the likelihood of recurrence.

The stage and grade of the tumor is important in planning treatment.  If there are signs of metastasis, additional imaging studies may be required to determine where cancer may have spread.  The extent of disease, genetic profiling, and tumor maker tests, help determine which will be the most effective treatment.