Who may experience cognitive dysfunction?

Cognitive dysfunction is most common in people undergoing chemotherapy.  However, other types of treatments can also cause cognitive dysfunction.  Patients receiving immunotherapy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy may also experience cognitive dysfunction.  Those using opioids for pain, corticosteroids, or drugs treating nausea may also be affected.

 

Causes of Cognitive Dysfunction

It is not clearly understood by doctors why cognitive dysfunction occurs during cancer treatments.  Some believe damage to healthy cells from chemotherapy and radiation therapy affect parts of the brain responsible for memory and planning.  Some treatments may also cause anemia, which in turn could cause cognitive dysfunction.  However, additional research is needed to clearly comprehend causes of cognitive dysfunction.

 

When do patients experience cognitive dysfunction?

Each individual case may experience cognitive dysfunction at varying times.  It may occur during treatment, however patients may not experience it until months or years after treatment. Sometimes cognitive functioning returns after patients stop taking certain medications that cause dysfunction.

 

Managing Cognitive Dysfunction

Neuropsychological rehabilitation, also known as cognitive rehabilitation, and cognitive training can help patients learn skills to manage cognitive dysfunction.  Occupational therapy or vocational therapy may be instrumental for continuing to work during cancer treatment.  Some common Alzheimer's drugs have been effective.  Stimulant drugs may also help regain some ability.  Cognitive dysfunction may also be caused by something other than cancer treatment, such as anemia, unmanaged symptoms, or chemical imbalances in the blood.  If this is the case then a physician will be able to prescribe appropriate treatments.

Besides medical solutions, there are many proactive ways for patients manage loss of cognition.  Use of a calendar or daily planner can help patients keep track of important information. Generally, writing down important information, such as appointments, activities, medication schedules, and "to do" lists can be helpful.  Mental exercises strengthen mental ability, such as crossword puzzles or other word or number games.    Physical exercise can also enhance mental alertness.

 

When should patients talk to their doctor about loss of cognition?

It is important for patients to communicate to their doctor when there is any loss of cognition.  Blood studies may be performed to determine if underlying causes can be addressed.  If the condition worsens physicians may also prescribe medication or rehabilitation.